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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tuzsut</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды учебных заведений связи</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-324X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГУТ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31854/1813-324X-2025-11-5-60-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GXFZLX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tuzsut-726</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА, ФОТОНИКА, ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЕ И СВЯЗЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование задержки кадров видеопотока в канале информационного обмена космического сегмента гибридной сети связи при FPV-управлении БВС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research of Video Stream Frame Delay in UAVs FPV-Control Information Exchange Channel of HSTNs Space Segment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-8642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры программной инженерии и вычислительной техники Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berezkin.aa@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-9102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вивчарь</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vivchar</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры программной инженерии и вычислительной техники Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vivchar.rm@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0832-8590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ченский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chenskiy</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер центра перспективных проектов и разработок Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chenskii.aa@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-6840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киричек</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichek</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, ректор Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirichek@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Березкин А.А., Вивчарь Р.М., Ченский А.А., Киричек Р.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Березкин А.А., Вивчарь Р.М., Ченский А.А., Киричек Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berezkin A.A., Vivchar R.M., Chenskiy A.A., Kirichek R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/726">https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/726</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследуется зависимость величин прикладной задержки и потери кадров FPV-видеопотока от размера передаваемых кадров, сжатых нейросетевым кодеком, при реализации каналов информационного обмена между беспилотными воздушными судами и станцией внешнего пилота в космическом сегменте гибридной орбитально-наземной сети связи. Рассмотрены спутниковые каналы информационного обмена, построенные на базе спутниковых группировок низкой околоземной орбиты Starlink, а также геостационарных орбит Ямал-402 и Ямал-601. Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью достижения заданного уровня качества услуги FPV-управления в спутниковых сетях связи. </p><sec><title>Используемые методы</title><p>Используемые методы. Прикладные задержки передачи и потери кадров видеопотока при использовании нейросетевых кодеков измерены методом натурных испытаний. Кадры видеопотока сегментируются, передаются по транспортному протоколу UDP и восстанавливаются. Плотность распределения вероятности задержек восстанавливается методом Розенблатта – Парзена с функцией оценки плотности с Гауссовым ядром. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены средние задержки передачи и потерь кадров видеопотока (сжатых нейросетевым кодеком) через спутниковые системы связи на низкой околоземной и геостационарных орбитах. Восстановлены распределения зависимостей задержек видеопотока от размера полезной нагрузки. Найден характер распределения задержки видеопотока, сжатого нейросетевым кодеком. Новизна полученных результатов заключается в исследовании характера задержек видепотока при реализации услуги FPV-управления через различные космические сегменты гибридной орбитально-наземной сети связи при использовании нейросетевых кодеков сжатия видеопотока. </p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при моделировании прикладных спутниковых каналов информационного обмена для реализации услуги FPV-управления с целью формирования оптимальной конфигурации используемых нейросетевых кодеков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, dependence of applied delay and video stream frame loss values of the FPV video stream on the size of the transmitted frames compressed by a neural network codec when implementing information exchange channels between unmanned aerial vehicles and an external pilot station in the space segment of a hybrid orbital-ground communication network. Satellite information exchange channels built on the basis of the Starlink Low-Earth orbit satellite constellations, as well as the Yamal-402 and Yamal-601 geostationary orbits, are considered. Relevance of the work is based on the necessity to achieve a specified level of quality of FPV control services in satellite communication networks. </p><sec><title>Methods used</title><p>Methods used. Application delay and frame loss of the video stream using neural network codecs are measured using the field testing method. Video stream frames are segmented, transmitted via the UDP transport protocol and reconstructed. The probability distribution density of delays is reconstructed using the Rosenblatt-Parzen method with a density estimation function with a Gaussian kernel. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Average transmission delays and frame losses of a video stream (compressed by a neural network codec) via satellite communication systems in low-Earth and geostationary orbits are obtained. Distributions of video stream delay dependencies on the payload size are reconstructed. The nature of the distribution of video stream delays compressed by a neural network codec is found. Novelty of the obtained results lies in the study of the nature of video stream delays when implementing the FPV control service through various space segments of a hybrid orbital-ground communication network using neural network video stream compression codecs. </p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The results can be used in modeling applied satellite information exchange channels for implementing the FPV control service in order to form an optimal configuration of the neural network codecs used.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>задержка видеопотока</kwd><kwd>кадры видеопотока</kwd><kwd>каналы информационного обмена</kwd><kwd>беспилотное воздушное судно</kwd><kwd>беспилотная авиационная система</kwd><kwd>управление от первого лица</kwd><kwd>FPV-управление</kwd><kwd>спутниковая система связи</kwd><kwd>Starlink</kwd><kwd>Ямал-402</kwd><kwd>Ямал-601</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>video stream latency</kwd><kwd>information link</kwd><kwd>channel of data exchange</kwd><kwd>channel of information exchange</kwd><kwd>UAV</kwd><kwd>unmanned aerial system</kwd><kwd>first person view control</kwd><kwd>FPV-control</kwd><kwd>LEO</kwd><kwd>GEO</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства цифрового развития, связи и массовых коммуникаций Российской Федерации, соглашение № 071-03-2025-005, «Прикладные научные исследования в области создания и развития систем телеметрии, управления и связи для беспилотных авиационных систем на период до 2030 года с учетом импортозамещения» (регистрационный номер ПТНИ: 1024032900105-1).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was prepared with the financial support of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, grant agreement No. 071-03-2025-005, "Applied scientific research in the field of creation and development of telemetry, control and communication systems for unmanned aircraft systems for the period up to 2030, taking into account import displacement" (reg. 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