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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tuzsut</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды учебных заведений связи</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-324X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГУТ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31854/1813-324X-2025-11-4-28-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QQQMHX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tuzsut-696</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА, ФОТОНИКА, ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЕ И СВЯЗЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математическая модель системы MIMO-NOMA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematical Model of the MIMO-NOMA System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8162-2328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры сетей связи и передачи данных Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grishin.iv@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой беспроводных технологий и систем Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fokin.ga@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0264-0791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры сетей связи и передачи данных Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalina110694@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2869-4373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синильников</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinilnikov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный инженер научно-технического центра спутниковых систем связи, радио-мониторинга и вещания Национального исследовательского центра телекоммуникаций им. М.И. Кривошеева, филиал в г. Санкт-Петербурге</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sinilam01@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М. А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр телекоммуникаций им. М.И. Кривошеева, филиал</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The M.I. Krivosheev National Research Center for Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg Branch</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гришин И.В., Фокин Г.А., Калинкина А.А., Синильников А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гришин И.В., Фокин Г.А., Калинкина А.А., Синильников А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishin I.V., Fokin G.A., Kalinkina A.A., Sinilnikov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/696">https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/696</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследования. Современные сети мобильной связи нового поколения предъявляют крайне высокие требования к спектральной эффективности, надежности и устойчивости работы в условиях городской застройки и высокой плотности пользователей. Технология MIMO-NOMA, несмотря на доказанный потенциал, требует пересмотра существующих моделей в связи с необходимостью учета пространственной динамики пользователей, поляризационных искажений, аппаратной нелинейности и ошибок оценки канала. Отсутствие комплексных моделей, способных учесть эти факторы одновременно, значительно ограничивает возможность адекватной оптимизации систем в практических сценариях.</p><p>Целью исследования является построение полной математической модели участка MIMO-NOMA между прекодером и схемой сложения в комплексной низкочастотной области, учитывающей движение и ориентацию терминалов, поляризацию антенн, нелинейности усилителей и ошибки CSI для анализа и оптимизации алгоритмов прекодирования и SIC.</p><sec><title>Методы исследования</title><p>Методы исследования. В рамках моделирования применены: стохастические процессы (включая модель Орнштейна – Уленбека и социальные силы) для описания движения пользователей; аналитическая геометрия для описания пространственной ориентации антенн; методы теории электромагнитного распространения для моделирования кросс-поляризационных эффектов; модели Салеха и Вольтерра для описания нелинейности усилителей мощности в диапазонах FR1 и FR2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Получена векторная модель сигнала, учитывающая влияние ориентации терминала, интерференции, поляризационных и нелинейных искажений, а также ошибок CSI. Выведены аналитические выражения для оценки SINR, SER, пропускной способности и энергетической эффективности с учетом всех искажений. Проведен сравнительный анализ предложенной модели с существующими стандартами (3GPP, ITU-R) и академическими подходами (DL-based, IRS-assisted), показавший ее преимущество по степени реализма и аналитической полноте.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна. Впервые предложена математическая модель системы MIMO-NOMA, одновременно учитывающая динамику терминалов, двойную поляризацию, нелинейности с эффектами памяти и многолучевые сценарии, обеспечивая аналитическое описание в едином пространстве параметров.</p><p>Теоретическая и практическая значимость. Модель уточняет описание канала MIMO-NOMA и поддерживает оптимизацию прекодеров, схем сложения в комплексной низкочастотной области и алгоритмов SIC в сетях мобильной связи нового поколения, особенно в условиях высокой подвижности и плотной городской застройки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance of the Study</title><p>Relevance of the Study. Modern next-generation mobile networks impose extremely high requirements on spectral efficiency, reliability, and robustness in urban environments with high user density. The MIMO-NOMA technology, despite its proven potential, requires a revision of existing models due to the need to account for users' spatial dynamics, polarization distortions, hardware nonlinearity, and channel state information (CSI) estimation errors. The lack of comprehensive models capable of simultaneously addressing these factors significantly limits the ability to effectively optimize systems in practical scenarios.</p></sec><sec><title>Research Objective</title><p>Research Objective. The study aims to develop a comprehensive mathematical model of the MIMO-NOMA segment between the precoder and the summation scheme in the complex baseband domain, accounting for terminal mobility and orientation, antenna polarization, amplifier nonlinearities, and CSI errors, to analyze and optimize precoding and successive interference cancellation (SIC) algorithms.</p></sec><sec><title>Research Methods</title><p>Research Methods. The modeling incorporates: stochastic processes (including the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model and social force models) to describe user mobility; analytical geometry to represent the spatial orientation of antennas; electromagnetic propagation theory methods to model cross-polarization effects; and Saleh and Volterra models to describe power amplifier nonlinearities in the FR1 and FR2 frequency ranges.</p></sec><sec><title>Research Results</title><p>Research Results. A vector signal model was derived, incorporating the effects of terminal orientation, interference, polarization and nonlinear distortions, and CSI errors. Analytical expressions were obtained for evaluating SINR, SER, throughput, and energy efficiency, considering all distortions. A comparative analysis of the proposed model against existing standards (3GPP, ITU-R) and academic approaches (DL-based, IRS-assisted) demonstrated its superiority in terms of realism and analytical completeness.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific Novelty</title><p>Scientific Novelty. For the first time, a mathematical model of the MIMO-NOMA system is proposed that simultaneously accounts for terminal dynamics, dual polarization, nonlinearities with memory effects, and multipath scenarios, providing an analytical description within a unified parameter space.</p><p>Theoretical and Practical Significance. The model refines the description of the MIMO-NOMA channel and supports the optimization of precoders, summation schemes in the complex baseband domain, and SIC algorithms in next-generation mobile networks, particularly in conditions of high mobility and dense urban environments.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>MIMO-NOMA</kwd><kwd>пространственное мультиплексирование</kwd><kwd>двойная поляризация</kwd><kwd>нелинейность усилителей</kwd><kwd>ошибки CSI</kwd><kwd>мобильность пользователей</kwd><kwd>последовательное устранение интерференции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MIMO-NOMA</kwd><kwd>spatial multiplexing</kwd><kwd>dual polarization</kwd><kwd>amplifier nonlinearity</kwd><kwd>CSI errors</kwd><kwd>user mobility</kwd><kwd>successive interference cancellation (SIC)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding Z., Lei X., Karagiannidis G.K., Schober R., Yuan J., Bhargava V.K. 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