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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tuzsut</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды учебных заведений связи</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-324X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГУТ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31854/1813-324X-2025-11-3-72-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HSXTLS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tuzsut-687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND TELECOMMUNICATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексный обзор глубокого обучения в системах обнаружения вторжений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning in Intrusion Detection Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5316-1689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Тамими</surname><given-names>М.М.А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Tameemi</surname><given-names>M.M.A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры информационной безопасности Санкт-Петербургского государственного электротехнического университета «ЛЭТИ» им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Almokhalad44@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2937-9934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алзагир</surname><given-names>А.А.Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alzaghir</surname><given-names>A.A.H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Сети и системы фиксированной связи» Московского технического университета связи и информатики</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.a.h.alzagi@mtuci.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-4727</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Свейти</surname><given-names>М.А.М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alsweity</surname><given-names>M.A.M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры сетей связи и передачи данных Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М. А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al-sveiti.mam@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский технический университет связи и информатики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Technical University of Communication and Informatics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аль-Тамими М., Алзагир А., Аль-Свейти М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аль-Тамими М., Алзагир А., Аль-Свейти М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Al-Tameemi M., Alzaghir A., Alsweity M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/687">https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/687</self-uri><abstract><p>Методы глубокого обучения играют ключевую роль в повышении эффективности систем обнаружения вторжений. В работе проведен сравнительный анализ семи моделей глубокого обучения, включая автоэнкодеры, ограниченные машины Больцмана, сети глубокого убеждения, сверточные и рекуррентные нейронные сети, генеративно-состязательные сети и глубокие нейронные сети. Основное внимание уделено метрикам точности, прецизионности и полноты на основе датасета NSL-KDD. Анализ показал высокую эффективность рекуррентных нейронных сетей, достигших точности 99,79 %, прецизионности 99,67 % и полноты 99,86 %. Цель статьи ‒ повышение эффективности систем обнаружения вторжений через сравнительный анализ производительности различных моделей глубокого обучения и оценку их применимости в условиях динамичных угроз сетевой безопасности.</p><p>Предлагаемое решение состоит в сравнительном анализе семи моделей глубокого обучения, чтобы выявить наиболее эффективные для задач защиты сети. Данный анализ помогает выбрать оптимальные модели для конкретных условий безопасности. Методика оценки включает использование эталонного набора данных NSL-KDD, который содержит различные типы атак и нормальных соединений. Ключевые метрики оценки ‒ точность, прецизионность и полнота. Реализация системы выполнена на основе фреймворков глубокого обучения, таких как TensorFlow. Эксперименты с набором данных NSL-KDD показали точность, прецизионность и полноту для всех рассмотренных моделей глубокого обучения.</p><p>Научная новизна заключается в возможности получения формальных оценок производительности различных моделей глубокого обучения для систем обнаружения вторжений, с учетом их архитектурных особенностей, обработки временны́х и пространственных данных, а также характеристик сетевого трафика и типов атак.</p><p>Теоретическая значимость заключается в расширении методов оценки эффективности систем обнаружения вторжений путем анализа и сравнения производительности моделей глубокого обучения в условиях обработки сложных и высокоразмерных сетевых данных.</p><p>Практическая значимость заключается в применении результатов сравнительного анализа для выбора наиболее эффективных решений в системах обнаружения вторжений и их оптимизации для реальных условий эксплуатации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Deep learning methods play a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of intrusion detection systems. This study presents a comparative analysis of seven deep learning models, including autoencoders, restricted Boltzmann machines, deep belief networks, convolutional and recurrent neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and deep neural networks. The primary focus is on accuracy, precision, and recall metrics, evaluated using the NSL-KDD dataset. The analysis demonstrated the high effectiveness of recurrent neural networks, which achieved an accuracy of 99.79 %, precision of 99.67 %, and recall of 99.86 %.</p><p>The objective of the study: of this paper is to enhance the effectiveness of intrusion detection systems through a comparative analysis of the performance of various deep learning models and an assessment of their applicability in the context of dynamic network security threats.</p><p>The proposed solution involves a comparative analysis of seven deep learning models to identify the most effective ones for network security tasks. This analysis aids in selecting the optimal models for specific security requirements.</p><p>The evaluation methodology involves the use of the benchmark dataset NSL-KDD, which contains various types of attacks and normal connections. The key evaluation metrics are accuracy, precision, and recall.</p><p>The system implementation is based on deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow. The results of the system’s performance and their interpretation are presented in the paper.</p><p>Experiments with the NSL-KDD dataset demonstrated accuracy, precision, and recall for all the deep learning models considered.</p><p>The scientific novelty is the ability to obtain formal performance evaluations of various deep learning models for intrusion detection systems, taking into account their architectural features, the processing of temporal and spatial data, as well as the characteristics of network traffic and attack types.</p><p>The theoretical significance is the expansion of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of intrusion detection systems through the analysis and comparison of the performance of deep learning models in the context of processing complex and high-dimensional network data.</p><p>The practical significance is the application of the comparative analysis results for selecting the most effective solutions in intrusion detection systems and optimizing them for real-world operating conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>системы обнаружения вторжений</kwd><kwd>автоэнкодеры</kwd><kwd>ограниченные машины Больцмана</kwd><kwd>сети глубоких убеждений</kwd><kwd>сверточные нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>рекуррентные нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>генеративно-состязательные сети</kwd><kwd>сетевая безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>intrusion detection systems</kwd><kwd>autoencoders</kwd><kwd>restricted boltzmann machines</kwd><kwd>deep belief networks</kwd><kwd>convolutional neural networks</kwd><kwd>recurrent neural networks</kwd><kwd>generative adversarial networks</kwd><kwd>network security</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navya V.K., Adithi J., Rudrawal D., Tailor H., James N. 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