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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tuzsut</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды учебных заведений связи</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-324X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГУТ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31854/1813-324X-2024-10-5-108-117</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DXAVDQ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tuzsut-631</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND TELECOMMUNICATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование автономной навигации беспилотных летательных аппаратов на основе корреляционных методов сравнения изображений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research on Autonomous Navigation  of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based  on Correlation-Based Image Comparison Methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-0622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>P. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры информационных управляющих систем Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyaev.edu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-800X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зикратов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zikratov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, декан факультета кибербезопасности, профессор кафедры  информационных управляющих систем Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zikratov.ia@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беляев П.Ю., Зикратов И.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беляев П.Ю., Зикратов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belyaev P.Y., Zikratov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/631">https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/631</self-uri><abstract><p>Автономная навигация беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) является одной из ключевых задач в современной аэрокосмической индустрии. В особенности для малоразмерных БПЛА задача автономной навигации становится еще более сложной из-за ограничений по вычислительным ресурсам и возможностям сенсорных систем. Оптимизация методов навигации для таких условий является актуальной проблемой, требующей решений, которые могут обеспечить высокую производительность при минимальных затратах ресурсов. Основной целью служит повышение эффективности автономной навигации малоразмерных БПЛА за счет использования корреляционных методов для сравнения изображений. Достижение этой цели связано с разработкой и оценкой алгоритмов, которые позволяют обеспечить высокую скорость и точность навигации при ограниченных вычислительных ресурсах. В работе использованы методы автокорреляционной функции, корреляции Пирсона, метод на основе индекса структурного сходства изображений и простой нейронной сети для задачи сравнения изображений. </p><p>Решение. Исследование показало, что подход на основе автокорреляции демонстрирует наилучшую производительность в условиях слабых вычислительных ресурсов. Он обеспечивает высокую скорость обработки полного изображения и показывает оптимальные результаты по точности обнаружения. В сравнении с другими представленными в работе методами, автокорреляционный подход способен работать не только с зашумлением «эталонной» карты, но и использовать в качестве обнаруженной области и альтернативные области с измененными паттернами. </p><p>Научная новизна работы определяется в проведении систематического сравнения различных методов применительно к задаче сравнения изображений для малоразмерных БПЛА с ограниченными вычислительными ресурсами. В отличие от известных работ в области построения корреляционно-экстремальных систем, данное исследование ориентировано на использование «эталонной карты» и искомой области, представляющих собой два разных изображения одного и того же участка местности, взятых из различных источников. Это ключевое различие, так как большинство методов не обладает высокой эффективностью обработки таких изображений, на которых паттерны могут значительно варьироваться. </p><p>Практическая значимость разработанного алгоритма состоит в том, что предложенный метод на основе автокорреляции может использоваться разработчиками систем управления автономных малоразмерных БПЛА для снижения вычислительной нагрузки и повышения скорости обработки данных. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Autonomous navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is one of the key challenges in the modern aerospace industry. Specifically, for small UAVs, the task of autonomous navigation becomes even more complex due to limitations in computational resources and sensor capabilities. Optimizing navigation methods under such conditions is a pressing issue that requires solutions capable of providing high performance with minimal resource consumption.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Improving the efficiency of autonomous navigation for small UAVs by using correlation methods for image comparison. Achieving this objective is linked to the development and evaluation of algorithms that provide high-speed and accurate navigation with limited computational resources. The work uses methods such as the autocorrelation function, Pearson correlation, the structural similarity index, and a simple neural network for image comparison.</p></sec><sec><title>Solution</title><p>Solution. The research showed that the autocorrelation-based approach demonstrates the best performance under low computational resources. It ensures high-speed processing of the entire image and shows optimal detection accuracy. Compared to other methods presented in the study, the autocorrelation approach is capable of working not only with noise in the "reference" map but also of using alternative areas with altered patterns as detected regions.</p><p>The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the systematic comparison of various methods applied to the task of image comparison for small UAVs with limited computational resources. Unlike well-known works in the field of correlation-extreme systems, this research focuses on the use of a "reference map" and a search area, representing two different images of the same terrain taken from different sources. This is a key difference, as most methods are not highly efficient in processing such images where patterns may differ significantly.</p><p>The practical significance of the developed algorithm lies in the fact that the proposed autocorrelation-based method can be used by developers of autonomous small UAV control systems to reduce computational load and increase data processing speed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автономная навигация</kwd><kwd>корреляционные алгоритмы</kwd><kwd>беспилотные летательные аппараты</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autonomous navigation</kwd><kwd>correlation algorithms</kwd><kwd>unmanned aerial vehicles</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарев А.Н., Киричек Р.В. 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