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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tuzsut</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды учебных заведений связи</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-324X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГУТ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31854/1813-324X-2023-9-5-43-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tuzsut-514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА, ФОТОНИКА, ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЕ И СВЯЗЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диаграммообразование на основе позиционирования в сверхплотных сетях радиодоступа миллиметрового диапазона. Часть 2. Модель совокупности радиолиний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Location Aware Beamforming in Millimeter-Wave Band Ultra-Dense Radio Access Networks. Part 2. Model of a Set of Radio Links</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры радиосвязи и вещания Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fokin.ga@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фокин Г.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фокин Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fokin G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/514">https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/514</self-uri><abstract><p>Вторая часть исследования вопросов диаграммообразования на основе позиционирования в сверхплотных сетях радиодоступа диапазона миллиметровых волн посвящена формализации и программной реализации комплексной имитационной модели функционирования совокупности направленных радиолиний. Каждая направленная радиолиния между базовой станцией gNB (gNodeB), оборудованной антенной решеткой, и пользовательским устройством (UE, аббр. от англ. User Equipment), работающим в ненаправленном режиме, формируется по известному на gNB местоположению UE. Совокупность одновременно функционирующих в общем диапазоне частот направленных радиолиний gNB→UE исследуется как набор трафиковых лучей, реализующих множественный доступ с пространственным мультиплексированием (SDMA, аббр. от англ. Space-Division Multiple Access). Пространственное уплотнение реализуется посредством трехмерного диаграммообразования на базовой станции и позволяет компенсировать потери распространения радиоволн и высокий уровень помех. В первой части исследования было показано, что проблемой практической реализации SDMA в сверхплотных сетях радиодоступа является существенный (десятки дБ) разброс отношения сигнал/(шум + помеха) SINR (аббр. от англ. Signal Interference + Noise Ratio) в зависимости от взаимного расположения двух устройств. Целью настоящего исследования является установление зависимости SINR от 1) ширины луча сектора базовой станции gNB в направлении на пользовательское устройство UE в радиолинии полезного сигнала (SOI, аббр. от англ. Signal of Interest); 2) неопределенности местоположения UE; 3) помех от радиолиний (SNOI, аббр. от англ. Signal Not of Interest): а) внутри своего сектора, б) других секторов своей соты и в) других сот сети. Разработанная и программно реализованная в настоящей работе имитационная модель впервые позволила установить взаимозависимость факторов погрешности позиционирования UE и требуемой ширины трафикового луча для его обслуживания. В частности, установлено, что с уменьшением погрешности позиционирования с 10 до 1 м требуемая ширина луча в горизонтальной и вертикальной плоскости сужается до 3 °, что позволяет увеличить SINR до 25 дБ. Исследование уплотнения одновременных передач показало, что для 64 пространственно мультиплексируемых UE с увеличением размера соты с 20 до 300 м отношение SINR увеличивается примерно на 30 дБ при ограничении на ширину луча в 3°. В отличие от похожих исследований, в настоящей модели вклад от помех одновременно работающих трафиковых лучей внутри своего сектора, других секторов своей соты и других сот сети впервые показан по отдельности, что позволяет дифференцировать происхождение помех и использовать научно-обоснованное управление шириной луча для их компенсации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The second part of the study of beamforming issues, based on positioning in ultra-dense millimeter wave radio access networks, is devoted to the formalization and software implementation of a complex simulation model of the functioning of a set of directional radio links. Each directional radio link between a base station (gNodeB – gNB), equipped with an antenna array, and a user equipment (UE), operating in omnidirectional mode, is formed according to the location of the UE, known at the gNB. The set of gNB→UE directional radio links, simultaneously operating in a common frequency range, is studied as a set of traffic beams, that implement space division multiple access (SDMA). Spatial multiplexing is implemented through three-dimensional beamforming at the gNB and makes it possible to compensate for propagation losses and high levels of interference. In the first part of the study, it was shown that the problem of practical implementation of SDMA in ultra-dense radio access networks is a significant (tens of dB) spread in the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), depending on the arrangement of two devices. The purpose of this study is to establish the dependence of SINR on 1) the beamwidth of the gNB sector in the direction of the user equipment in the radio link of the signal of interest (SOI); 2) uncertainty of the UE location; 3) interference from radio links of signal not of interest (SNOI): a) within its sector, b) other sectors of its cell and c) other cells in the network. The simulation model developed and implemented in software in this work for the first time made it possible to establish the interdependence of the UE positioning error factors and the required width of the traffic beam for its service. In particular, it was found, that as the positioning error decreases from 10 to 1 m, the required beam width in the horizontal and vertical planes narrows to 3 °, which makes it possible to increase the SINR to 25 dB. A simultaneous transmission multiplexing study showed that for 64 spatially multiplexed UEs, as the cell size increases from 20 to 300 m, the SINR increases by approximately 30 dB, subject to a beamwidth constraint of 3°. Unlike similar studies, in this model, the contribution from interference from simultaneously operating traffic beams within its sector, other sectors of its cell and other cells in the network is shown separately for the first time, which allows to differentiate the origin of interference and use scientifically based beamwidth control for their compensation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диаграммообразование</kwd><kwd>позиционирование</kwd><kwd>сверхплотная сеть радиодоступа</kwd><kwd>миллиметровые волны</kwd><kwd>направленные радиолинии</kwd><kwd>ширина и ориентация луча</kwd><kwd>отношение сигнал/(шум + помеха)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>beamforming</kwd><kwd>positioning</kwd><kwd>ultra-dense radio access network</kwd><kwd>millimeter wave</kwd><kwd>directional radio links</kwd><kwd>beam width and orientation</kwd><kwd>signal interference + noise ratio</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 22-29-00528). https://rscf.ru/project/22-29-00528</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 22-29-00528, https://rscf.ru/ project/22-29-00528</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фокин Г.А. 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