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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tuzsut</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды учебных заведений связи</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-324X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГУТ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31854/1813-324X-2023-9-4-44-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tuzsut-498</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА, ФОТОНИКА, ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЕ И СВЯЗЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диаграммообразование на основе позиционирования в сверхплотных сетях радиодоступа миллиметрового диапазона. Часть 1. Модель двух радиолиний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Location Aware Beamforming in Millimeter-Wave Band Ultra-Dense Radio Access Networks. Part 1. Model of Two Links</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры радиосвязи и вещания Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fokin.ga@sut.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фокин Г.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фокин Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fokin G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/498">https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/498</self-uri><abstract><p>Эволюция сетей радиодоступа (СРД) 1G–4G за последние 40 лет показала, что возможности диаграммообразования (ДО) добавляют дополнительное пространственное измерение в традиционные методы мультиплексирования устройств. При формировании базовыми станциями gNB (gNodeB) и пользовательскими устройствами UE (User Equipment) узких диаграмм направленности антенны (ДНА) помимо частотного, временно́го и кодового разделения каналов появляется дополнительное пространственное измерение, реализующее пространственное мультиплексирование. Данная концепция известна уже достаточно давно, однако полноценная реализации ее возможностей на практике ожидается с широким распространением сверхплотных СРД диапазона миллиметровых волн (ММВ) пятого (5G) и последующих (B5G) поколений. Для управления ДНА может использоваться подход предварительного анализа обучающих последовательностей о текущей обстановке в радиоканале CSI (Channel State Information), однако его накладные расходы становятся неприемлемо высокими в условиях сверхплотного распределения устройств. Альтернативным подходом является ДО на основе позиционирования. Обоснованность, актуальность и перспективность данного подхода определяется тем фактом, что для сетей 5G, в отличие от предыдущих поколений, впервые формализованы требования к точности позиционирования UE до одного метра. Первоначальные исследования в области ДО на основе позиционирования уже проводились на протяжении последних лет, однако преимущественно для частных сценариев одной или нескольких радиолиний между gNB и стационарными UE. В настоящей работе впервые формализована и программно реализована научно-обоснованная методология управления ДНА стационарной gNB на основе позиционирования подвижного UE для сценария двух радиолиний. Проблемой практической реализации ДО является сложно прогнозируемый уровень помех вследствие взаимного влияния радиолиний с подвижными UE. При оценке мгновенного отношения сигнал/помеха в сценарии двух радиолиний между двумя стационарными gNB, которые осуществляют ДО на основе текущего местоположения подвижных UE в процессе их перемещения, необходимо учитывать взаимное влияние радиолиний друга на друга. В таком сценарии передатчик в одной радиолинии выступает одновременно и как источник полезного сигнала для одного подвижного приемника, и как источник мешающего сигнала для другого подвижного приемника. Задача оценки помех для такого сценария усложняется нелинейностью ДНА передатчика и/или приемника. Разработанная и программно реализованная в настоящей работе модель использует функции пакета расширения Phased Array System Toolbox Matlab. Результаты моделирования показывают существенный разброс (десятки дБ) мгновенного отношения сигнал/помеха в зависимости от территориального разноса устройств и могут быть использованы при обосновании сценариев построения и функционирования сверхплотных СРД 5G/B5G.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The evolution of 1G to 4G radio access networks (RANs) over the past 40 years has shown that beamforming (BF) capabilities add an additional spatial dimension to traditional device multiplexing methods. When base stations (gNodeB - gNB) and user equipment (UE) form narrow antenna radiation patterns (APPs), in addition to frequency, time and code division of channels, an additional spatial dimension appears that implements spatial multiplexing. This concept has been known for quite a long time, but the full implementation of its capabilities in practice is expected with the widespread adoption of millimeter wave (mmWave) ultra-dense networks (UDN) of the fifth (5G) and subsequent (B5G) generations. To control APP, the approach of preliminary analysis of training sequences about the current situation in the radio channel  - CSI (Channel State Information) - can be used, but its overhead costs become unacceptably high in conditions of ultra-dense distribution of devices. An alternative approach is positioning-based BF. The validity, relevance and prospects of this approach are determined by the fact that for 5G networks, unlike previous generations, for the first time the requirements for UE positioning accuracy up to one meter are formalized. Initial research in the field of location-aware BF has already been carried out over the past years, however, mainly for particular scenarios of one or more radio links between gNBs and fixed UEs. In this work, for the first time, a scientifically based methodology for controlling the beam pattern of a stationary gNB based on the positioning of a mobile UE for a two-radio link scenario is formalized and implemented in software. The problem of practical implementation of BF is the difficulties to predict level of interference due to the mutual influence of radio links with mobile UEs. When estimating the instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio in a two-radio link scenario between two fixed gNBs that perform BF based on the current location of mobile UEs as they move, it is necessary to take into account the mutual influence of each other's radio links on each other. In such a scenario, a transmitter on one radio link acts both as a source of a wanted signal for one UE and as a source of an interfering signal for another UE. The task of assessing interference for such a scenario is complicated by the nonlinearity of the transmitter and/or receiver ARPs. The model developed and implemented in software in this work uses the functions of the Phased Array System Toolbox Matlab extension package. The simulation results show a significant scatter (tens of dB) of the instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio depending on the territorial separation of devices and can be used to justify scenarios for the construction and operation of 5G/B5G UDN.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диаграммообразование</kwd><kwd>позиционирование</kwd><kwd>сверхплотная сеть радиодоступа</kwd><kwd>диапазон миллиметровых волн</kwd><kwd>радиолиния</kwd><kwd>Phased Array System Toolbox</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>beamforming</kwd><kwd>positioning</kwd><kwd>ultra-dense radio access network</kwd><kwd>millimeter wave band</kwd><kwd>radio link</kwd><kwd>Phased Array System Toolbox</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>работа подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда по гранту № 22-29-00528, https://rscf.ru/project/22-29-00528</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>the work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 22-29-00528, https://rscf.ru/ project/22-29-00528</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фокин Г.А. 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