<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tuzsut</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды учебных заведений связи</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-324X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГУТ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31854/1813-324X-2020-6-2-30-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tuzsut-119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОТЕХНИКА И СВЯЗЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADIO ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование амплитудной характеристики радиотракта с кодовым разделением каналов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling of Amplitude Characteristic in Radio Channels of Code Division Multiple Access Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуревич</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurevich</surname><given-names>V. ..</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>S. ..</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sgegorov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гуревич В.Э., Егоров С.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуревич В.Э., Егоров С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gurevich V..., Egorov S...</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/119">https://tuzs.sut.ru/jour/article/view/119</self-uri><abstract><p>В системах радиодоступа CDMA амплитудные искажения в нелинейном усилителе (НУ) группового сигнала приводят к битовым ошибкам на выходах абонентских каналов. Для оценки допустимых пределов искажений и их влияния на качество передачи абонентских сигналов необходимы электронная модель амплитудной характеристики (АХ) и аналитические соотношения, связывающие вероятность ошибки при регистрации выходного сигнала канала связи с нелинейностью АХ НУ и другими дестабилизирующими факторами. В статье сопоставляются альтернативные математические модели АХ НУ. В отличие от традиционных методов анализа, обычно ограничивающихся выбором моделей с фиксированными параметрами, рассмотрен способ вариативного определения параметров АХ. Результаты: приводится сравнение известных способов аппроксимации АХ широкополосных нелинейных усилителей мощности радиосигналов, предложен алгоритм подбора параметров модели для систем CDMA с КАМ с помощью модели Раппа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In CDMA radio access systems, amplitude distortions in a nonlinear amplifier (NA) of a group signal lead to bit errors at the outputs of subscriber channels. To assess the permissible distortion limits and their influence on the transmission quality of subscriber signals, an electronic model of the amplitude characteristic (AC) and analytical relations are needed that relate the probability of an error when registering the output signal of the communication channel with the nonlinearity of the AC NA and other destabilizing factors. The article compares alternative mathematical models of AC NA. In contrast to traditional methods of analysis, usually limited to the choice of models with fixed parameters, a method for variably determining the parameters of AC is considered. The results are: a comparison of known methods for approximating the AC of broadband nonlinear power amplifiers of radio signals is given, an algorithm for selecting model parameters for CDMA systems with QAM using the Rapp model is proposed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кодовое разделение каналов</kwd><kwd>квадратурно-амплитудная модуляция</kwd><kwd>групповой сигнал</kwd><kwd>радиотракт</kwd><kwd>нелинейные искажения</kwd><kwd>амплитудная характеристика</kwd><kwd>усилитель мощности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CDMA</kwd><kwd>code division multiplexing</kwd><kwd>CDMA</kwd><kwd>quadrature amplitude modulation</kwd><kwd>group signal</kwd><kwd>radio path</kwd><kwd>nonlinear distortion</kwd><kwd>amplitude characteristic</kwd><kwd>power amplifier</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуревич В. Э., Егоров C. Г. Нелинейные искажения группового сигнала в радиосистеме абонентского доступа // Инфокоммуникационные технологии. 2012. Т. 10. № 3. С. 79-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гуревич В. Э., Егоров C. Г. Нелинейные искажения группового сигнала в радиосистеме абонентского доступа // Инфокоммуникационные технологии. 2012. Т. 10. № 3. С. 79-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуревич В. Э., Егоров С. Г. Исследование нелинейных искажений радиосигнала в системе CDMA с квадратурно-амплитудной модуляцией // Информационно-управляющие системы. 2015. № 5(78). С. 106-115. DOI:10.15217/issn1684-8853.2015.5.106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гуревич В. Э., Егоров С. Г. Исследование нелинейных искажений радиосигнала в системе CDMA с квадратурно-амплитудной модуляцией // Информационно-управляющие системы. 2015. № 5(78). С. 106-115. DOI:10.15217/issn1684-8853.2015.5.106</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спилкер Дж. Цифровая спутниковая связь: пер. с англ. М.: Связь, 1979. 592 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Спилкер Дж. Цифровая спутниковая связь: пер. с англ. М.: Связь, 1979. 592 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeruchim M.C., Balaban P., Shanmugan K.S. Simulation of Communication Systems. Modeling, Methodology and Techniques. New York: Kluwer academic, 2002. 907 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeruchim M.C., Balaban P., Shanmugan K.S. Simulation of Communication Systems. Modeling, Methodology and Techniques. New York: Kluwer academic, 2002. 907 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minkoff J. The Role of AM-to-PM Conversion in Memoryless Nonlinear Systems // IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1985. Vol. 33. Iss. 2. PP. 139-144. DOI:10.1109/TCOM.1985.1096262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minkoff J. The Role of AM-to-PM Conversion in Memoryless Nonlinear Systems // IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1985. Vol. 33. Iss. 2. PP. 139-144. DOI:10.1109/TCOM.1985.1096262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евтянов С.И. Радиопередающие устройства. М.: Связьиздат, 1950. 643 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Евтянов С.И. Радиопередающие устройства. М.: Связьиздат, 1950. 643 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бруевич А.Н., Евтянов С.И. Аппроксимация нелинейных характеристик и спектры при гармоническом воздействии. М.: Советское Радио, 1965. 344 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бруевич А.Н., Евтянов С.И. Аппроксимация нелинейных характеристик и спектры при гармоническом воздействии. М.: Советское Радио, 1965. 344 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voros J. Modeling and identification of Wiener systems with two-segment nonlinearities // IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. 2003. Vol. 11. Iss. 2. PP. 253-257. DOI:10.1109/TCST.2003.809238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voros J. Modeling and identification of Wiener systems with two-segment nonlinearities // IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. 2003. Vol. 11. Iss. 2. PP. 253-257. DOI:10.1109/TCST.2003.809238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerakoulis D., Geraniotis E. CDMA: Access and Switching for Terrestrial and Satellite Networks. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2001. 280 p. DOI:10.1002/0470841699.fmatter_indsub</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerakoulis D., Geraniotis E. CDMA: Access and Switching for Terrestrial and Satellite Networks. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2001. 280 p. DOI:10.1002/0470841699.fmatter_indsub</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rapp C. Effects of HPA-Nonlinearity on a 4-DPSK/OFDM-Signal for a Digitial Sound Broadcasting System // Proceeding of the Second European Conference on Satellite Communications (ECSC-2, Liege, Belgium, 22-24 October 1991). Paris: ESA, 1991. PP. 179-184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rapp C. Effects of HPA-Nonlinearity on a 4-DPSK/OFDM-Signal for a Digitial Sound Broadcasting System // Proceeding of the Second European Conference on Satellite Communications (ECSC-2, Liege, Belgium, 22-24 October 1991). Paris: ESA, 1991. PP. 179-184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cann A.J. Nonlinearity Model with Variable Knee Sharpness // IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1980. Vol. AES-16. Iss. 6. PP. 874-877. DOI:10.1109/TAES.1980.309016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cann A.J. Nonlinearity Model with Variable Knee Sharpness // IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1980. Vol. AES-16. Iss. 6. PP. 874-877. DOI:10.1109/TAES.1980.309016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honkanen M., Pollanen O., Tanskanen J., Jarvinen E., Haggman S.-G. Comparison of measured and simulated π/4-DQPSK adjacent channel power using a functional high power amplifier model // Proceeding of the 48-th Vehicular Technology Conference. Pathway to Global Wireless Revolution (VTC 98, Ottawa, Canada, 21 May 1998). IEEE, 1998. Vol. 3. PP. 2459-2463. DOI:10.1109/VETEC.1998.686201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honkanen M., Pollanen O., Tanskanen J., Jarvinen E., Haggman S.-G. Comparison of measured and simulated π/4-DQPSK adjacent channel power using a functional high power amplifier model // Proceeding of the 48-th Vehicular Technology Conference. Pathway to Global Wireless Revolution (VTC 98, Ottawa, Canada, 21 May 1998). IEEE, 1998. Vol. 3. PP. 2459-2463. DOI:10.1109/VETEC.1998.686201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honkanen M., Haggman S.-G. New aspects on nonlinear power amplifier modeling in radio communication system simulations // Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC '97, Helsinki, Finland, 1-4 September 1997). IEEE, 1997. Vol. 3. PP. 844-848. DOI:10.1109/PIMRC.1997.627005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honkanen M., Haggman S.-G. New aspects on nonlinear power amplifier modeling in radio communication system simulations // Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC '97, Helsinki, Finland, 1-4 September 1997). IEEE, 1997. Vol. 3. PP. 844-848. DOI:10.1109/PIMRC.1997.627005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saleh A.A.M. Frequency-Independent and Frequency-Dependent Nonlinear Models of TWT Amplifiers // IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1981. Vol. 29. Iss 11. PP. 1715-1720. DOI:10.1109/TCOM.1981.1094911</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saleh A.A.M. Frequency-Independent and Frequency-Dependent Nonlinear Models of TWT Amplifiers // IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1981. Vol. 29. Iss 11. PP. 1715-1720. DOI:10.1109/TCOM.1981.1094911</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falconer D., Kolze T., Leiba Y. Proposed System Impairment Models // IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group. 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falconer D., Kolze T., Leiba Y. Proposed System Impairment Models // IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group. 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaye A., George D., Eric M. Analysis and Compensation of Bandpass Nonlinearities for Communications // IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1972. Vol. 20. Iss. 5. PP. 965-972. DOI:10.1109/TCOM.1972.1091254</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaye A., George D., Eric M. Analysis and Compensation of Bandpass Nonlinearities for Communications // IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1972. Vol. 20. Iss. 5. PP. 965-972. DOI:10.1109/TCOM.1972.1091254</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White G.P., Burr A.G., Javornik T. Modelling of nonlinear distortion in broadband fixed wireless access systems // Electronics Letters. 2003. Vol. 39. Iss. 8. PP. 686-687. DOI:10.1049/el:20030462</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White G.P., Burr A.G., Javornik T. Modelling of nonlinear distortion in broadband fixed wireless access systems // Electronics Letters. 2003. Vol. 39. Iss. 8. PP. 686-687. DOI:10.1049/el:20030462</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghorbani A., Sheikhan M. The effect of solid state power amplifiers (SSPAs) nonlinearities on MPSK and M-QAM signal transmission // Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Digital Processing of Signals in Communications (Loughborough, UK, 2-6 September 1991). IET, 1991. PP. 193-197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghorbani A., Sheikhan M. The effect of solid state power amplifiers (SSPAs) nonlinearities on MPSK and M-QAM signal transmission // Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Digital Processing of Signals in Communications (Loughborough, UK, 2-6 September 1991). IET, 1991. PP. 193-197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фихтенгольц Г.М. Курс дифференциального и интегрального исчисления. Том 1. М.: Наука, 1966, 608 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Фихтенгольц Г.М. Курс дифференциального и интегрального исчисления. Том 1. М.: Наука, 1966, 608 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
